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- In the tenth century the territory which is now Switzerland was part of the
- Holy Roman Empire. But the birth of the nation truly occurred in 1291 with
- the formation of a defensive alliance between the three cantons of
- Unterwalden, Uri, and Schwyz (from which the name Switzerland originates).
- The other 20 cantons joined the alliance during the following centuries,
- eventually culminating in the adoption of a federal constitution in 1848.
- The independence and neutrality of Switzerland had been guaranteed in 1648
- under the terms of the Treaty of Westphalia. The nations's history is one of
- defiance; in 1559 it resisted attempts by Savoy to take control and then it
- fought off Napoleon in the early nineteenth century. Banking, watchmaking,
- and tourism are major industries; Switzerland also houses the headquarters
- of many international organisations such as the Red Cross and the United
- Nations. There are four national languages; German is spoken by about three
- quarters of the population, French by 20% (mainly in the west), Italian by
- 5% (traditionally in the south), and only some 1% speak Romansch (usually in
- Engadin). Christianity is the main religion.
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